Japan is set to implement one of its most significant cryptocurrency regulatory reforms on August 7, as digital assets transition from being regulated primarily as payment instruments to a dedicated framework under the country’s securities laws.
The reform transfers oversight of crypto-assets from the Payment Services Act (PSA) to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA), effectively recognizing cryptocurrencies as a distinct class of financial products rather than simply digital means of payment. The move also places the market under the direct supervision of the Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission (SESC), Japan’s securities watchdog, giving it authority to investigate market abuse and enforce insider trading rules for crypto-assets.
The regulatory overhaul follows recommendations published by the Financial Services Agency’s Working Group on Crypto-asset Systems and reflects Japan’s effort to align crypto regulation more closely with traditional capital markets. Under the new framework, crypto exchanges will be subject to requirements comparable to those applied to securities firms, including enhanced cybersecurity standards, disclosure obligations and stricter oversight of customer assets.
The reform is widely viewed as laying the legal foundation for broader institutional participation in Japan’s digital asset market, including the potential approval of domestic spot crypto exchange-traded funds in the future.
Crypto Moves Into Securities Regulation
The most consequential aspect of the reform is the introduction of market abuse rules. For the first time, trading cryptocurrencies based on undisclosed material information will become explicitly prohibited under Japanese law. The SESC will gain investigative powers similar to those it already exercises over stock and bond markets, allowing authorities to pursue insider trading, market manipulation and other abusive practices in digital asset markets.
The Financial Services Agency has also proposed requiring crypto issuers and crypto-asset service providers to improve information disclosure while strengthening penalties for unregistered operators. Investment advisory and portfolio management services relating to cryptocurrencies will likewise fall within Japan’s financial regulatory perimeter.
Unlike the previous framework, which primarily treated crypto as a payment technology, the revised regime acknowledges that many digital assets function as investment products and therefore require investor protections comparable to those applied in conventional financial markets.
Foundation for Institutional Growth
The reform represents another step in Japan’s gradual embrace of regulated digital assets. Over the past two years, policymakers have legalized stablecoins under a dedicated framework, encouraged experimentation with tokenized financial products and debated tax reforms aimed at improving the country’s competitiveness as a digital asset hub. Earlier this year, a ruling Liberal Democratic Party panel also recommended creating a legal framework for crypto ETFs and expanding the use of yen-denominated stablecoins across Asia.
Although the August 7 reforms do not themselves authorize crypto ETFs, legal experts view the reclassification as an important prerequisite for bringing digital assets under the same regulatory architecture that governs listed investment products.
Industry participants have broadly welcomed the changes, arguing that clearer rules will improve investor confidence and encourage greater institutional participation. At the same time, stricter compliance obligations are expected to increase operating costs for exchanges and other service providers.
For Japan, the reforms reinforce its position as one of the world’s most proactive jurisdictions in digital asset regulation. Rather than treating cryptocurrencies as an exception to financial law, policymakers are integrating them into the country’s established securities framework while preserving strong investor protections.
As the new rules take effect, market participants will be watching closely to see how quickly exchanges adapt to the enhanced regulatory standards—and whether the reforms accelerate the next phase of institutional adoption in one of Asia’s largest cryptocurrency markets.